| ASSOC | Displays or modifies file extension associations. |
| AT | Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer. |
| ATTRIB | Displays or changes file attributes. |
| BREAK | Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. |
| CACLS | Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files. |
| CALL | Calls one batch program from another. |
| CD | Displays the name of or changes the current directory. |
| CHCP | Displays or sets the active code page number. |
| CHDIR | Displays the name of or changes the current directory. |
| CHKDSK | Checks a disk and displays a status report. |
| CHKNTFS | Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. |
| CLS | Clears the screen. |
| CMD | Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter. |
| COLOR | Sets the default console foreground and background colors. |
| COMP | Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. |
| COMPACT | Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions. |
| CONVERT | Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the |
| COPY | Copies one or more files to another location. |
| DATE | Displays or sets the date. |
| DEL | Deletes one or more files. |
| DIR | Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. |
| DISKCOMP | Compares the contents of two floppy disks. |
| DISKCOPY | Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. |
| DOSKEY | Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros. |
| ECHO | Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. |
| ENDLOCAL | Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. |
| ERASE | Deletes one or more files. |
| EXIT | Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter). |
| FC | Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences |
| FIND | Searches for a text string in a file or files. |
| FINDSTR | Searches for strings in files. |
| FOR | Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. |
| FORMAT | Formats a disk for use with Windows. |
| FTYPE | Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. |
| GOTO | Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a |
| GRAFTABL | Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics |
| HELP | Provides Help information for Windows commands. |
| IF | Performs conditional processing in batch programs. |
| LABEL | Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. |
| MD | Creates a directory. |
| MKDIR | Creates a directory. |
| MODE | Configures a system device. |
| MORE | Displays output one screen at a time. |
| MOVE | Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory. |
| PATH | Displays or sets a search path for executable files. |
| PAUSE | Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message. |
| POPD | Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD. |
| Prints a text file. | |
| PROMPT | Changes the Windows command prompt. |
| PUSHD | Saves the current directory then changes it. |
| RD | Removes a directory. |
| RECOVER | Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. |
| REM | Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS. |
| REN | Renames a file or files. |
| RENAME | Renames a file or files. |
| REPLACE | Replaces files. |
| RMDIR | Removes a directory. |
| SET | Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables. |
| SETLOCAL | Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. |
| SHIFT | Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files. |
| SORT | Sorts input. |
| START | Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. |
| SUBST | Associates a path with a drive letter. |
| TIME | Displays or sets the system time. |
| TITLE | Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session. |
| TREE | Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. |
| TYPE | Displays the contents of a text file. |
| VER | Displays the Windows version. |
| VERIFY | Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written |
| VOL | Displays a disk volume label and serial number. |
| XCOPY | Copies files and directory trees. |
| APPEND | |
| ARP | |
| ATMADM | |
| AUDITUSR | |
| BLASTCLN | |
| CSCRIPT | |
| DEBUG | |
| DEFRAG | |
| DIANTZ | |
| DISKPART | |
| DISKPERF | |
| EDLIN | |
| EXE2BIN | |
| EXPAND | |
| FINGER | |
| FLTMC | |
| FORCEDOS | |
| FSUTIL | |
| FTP | |
| HOSTNAME | |
| IPCONFIG | |
| JAVA | |
| LODCTR | |
| LOGMAN | |
| LPQ | |
| LPR | |
| MAKECAB | |
| MEM | |
| MOUNTVOL | |
| MRINFO | |
| MSG | |
| NBTSTAT | |
| NET | |
| NET1 | |
| NETSH | |
| NETSTAT | |
| NLSFUNC | |
| NSLOOKUP | |
| PATHPING | |
| PENTNT | |
| PING | |
| PING6 | |
| POWERCFG | |
| PROXYCFG | |
| QAPPSRV | |
| QPROCESS | |
| QWINSTA | |
| RASAUTOU | |
| RASDIAL | |
| RCP | |
| REG | |
| REXEC | |
| ROUTE | |
| RSH | |
| RSM | |
| RUNAS | |
| RWINSTA | |
| SC | |
| SETVER | |
| SHADOW | |
| SHUTDOWN | |
| SMBINST | |
| TELNET | |
| TFTP | |
| TRACERT | |
| TRACERT6 | |
| TSCON | |
| TSDISCON | |
| TSKILL | |
| TSSHUTDN | |
| TZCHANGE | |
| UNLODCTR | |
| VERIFIER | |
| VSSADMIN | |
| W32TM |
Displays or modifies file extension associations ASSOC [.ext[=[fileType]]] .ext Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with fileType Specifies the file type to associate with the file extension Type ASSOC without parameters to display the current file associations. If ASSOC is invoked with just a file extension, it displays the current file association for that file extension. Specify nothing for the file type and the command will delete the association for the file extension.
The AT command schedules commands and programs to run on a computer at a specified time and date. The Schedule service must be running to use the AT command. AT [\\computername] [ [id] [/DELETE] | /DELETE [/YES]] AT [\\computername] time [/INTERACTIVE] [ /EVERY:date[,...] | /NEXT:date[,...]] "command" \\computername Specifies a remote computer. Commands are scheduled on the local computer if this parameter is omitted. id Is an identification number assigned to a scheduled command. /delete Cancels a scheduled command. If id is omitted, all the scheduled commands on the computer are canceled. /yes Used with cancel all jobs command when no further confirmation is desired. time Specifies the time when command is to run. /interactive Allows the job to interact with the desktop of the user who is logged on at the time the job runs. /every:date[,...] Runs the command on each specified day(s) of the week or month. If date is omitted, the current day of the month is assumed. /next:date[,...] Runs the specified command on the next occurrence of the day (for example, next Thursday). If date is omitted, the current day of the month is assumed. "command" Is the Windows NT command, or batch program to be run.
Displays or changes file attributes. ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A ] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [drive:][path][filename] [/S [/D]] + Sets an attribute. - Clears an attribute. R Read-only file attribute. A Archive file attribute. S System file attribute. H Hidden file attribute. [drive:][path][filename] Specifies a file or files for attrib to process. /S Processes matching files in the current folder and all subfolders. /D Processes folders as well.
Sets or Clears Extended CTRL+C checking on DOS system This is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effect under Windows XP. If Command Extensions are enabled, and running on the Windows XP platform, then the BREAK command will enter a hard coded breakpoint if being debugged by a debugger.
Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files CACLS filename [/T] [/E] [/C] [/G user:perm] [/R user [...]] [/P user:perm [...]] [/D user [...]] filename Displays ACLs. /T Changes ACLs of specified files in the current directory and all subdirectories. /E Edit ACL instead of replacing it. /C Continue on access denied errors. /G user:perm Grant specified user access rights. Perm can be: R Read W Write C Change (write) F Full control /R user Revoke specified user's access rights (only valid with /E). /P user:perm Replace specified user's access rights. Perm can be: N None R Read W Write C Change (write) F Full control /D user Deny specified user access. Wildcards can be used to specify more that one file in a command. You can specify more than one user in a command. Abbreviations: CI - Container Inherit. The ACE will be inherited by directories. OI - Object Inherit. The ACE will be inherited by files. IO - Inherit Only. The ACE does not apply to the current file/directory.
Calls one batch program from another. CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the batch program. If Command Extensions are enabled CALL changes as follows: CALL command now accepts labels as the target of the CALL. The syntax is: CALL :label arguments A new batch file context is created with the specified arguments and control is passed to the statement after the label specified. You must "exit" twice by reaching the end of the batch script file twice. The first time you read the end, control will return to just after the CALL statement. The second time will exit the batch script. Type GOTO /? for a description of the GOTO :EOF extension that will allow you to "return" from a batch script. In addition, expansion of batch script argument references (%0, %1, etc.) have been changed as follows: %* in a batch script refers to all the arguments (e.g. %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 ...) Substitution of batch parameters (%n) has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax: %~1 - expands %1 removing any surrounding quotes (") %~f1 - expands %1 to a fully qualified path name %~d1 - expands %1 to a drive letter only %~p1 - expands %1 to a path only %~n1 - expands %1 to a file name only %~x1 - expands %1 to a file extension only %~s1 - expanded path contains short names only %~a1 - expands %1 to file attributes %~t1 - expands %1 to date/time of file %~z1 - expands %1 to size of file %~$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %1 to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string The modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %~dp1 - expands %1 to a drive letter and path only %~nx1 - expands %1 to a file name and extension only %~dp$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %1 and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %~ftza1 - expands %1 to a DIR like output line In the above examples %1 and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid argument number. The %~ modifiers may not be used with %*
Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path] CHDIR [..] CD [/D] [drive:][path] CD [..] .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory. Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current directory for a drive. If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows: The current directory string is converted to use the same case as the on disk names. So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk. CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding the name with quotes. For example: cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu is the same as: cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu" which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.
Displays or sets the active code page number. CHCP [nnn] nnn Specifies a code page number. Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.
Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path] CHDIR [..] CD [/D] [drive:][path] CD [..] .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory. Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current directory for a drive. If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows: The current directory string is converted to use the same case as the on disk names. So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk. CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding the name with quotes. For example: cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu is the same as: cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu" which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.
Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]] volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. filename FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any. /R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information (implies /F). /L:size NTFS only: Changes the log file size to the specified number of kilobytes. If size is not specified, displays current size. /X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid (implies /F). /I NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index entries. /C NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder structure. The /I or /C switch reduces the amount of time required to run Chkdsk by skipping certain checks of the volume.
Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. CHKNTFS volume [...] CHKNTFS /D CHKNTFS /T[:time] CHKNTFS /X volume [...] CHKNTFS /C volume [...] volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. /D Restores the machine to the default behavior; all drives are checked at boot time and chkdsk is run on those that are dirty. /T:time Changes the AUTOCHK initiation countdown time to the specified amount of time in seconds. If time is not specified, displays the current setting. /X Excludes a drive from the default boot-time check. Excluded drives are not accumulated between command invocations. /C Schedules a drive to be checked at boot time; chkdsk will run if the drive is dirty. If no switches are specified, CHKNTFS will display if the specified drive is dirty or scheduled to be checked on next reboot.
Clears the screen. CLS
Starts a new instance of the Windows XP command interpreter CMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF] [[/S] [/C | /K] string] /C Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates /K Carries out the command specified by string but remains /S Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below) /Q Turns echo off /D Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below) /A Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI /U Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be Unicode /T:fg Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info) /E:ON Enable command extensions (see below) /E:OFF Disable command extensions (see below) /F:ON Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below) /F:OFF Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below) /V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion using ! as the delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the variable var at execution time. The var syntax expands variables at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR loop. /V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion. Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&' are accepted for string if surrounded by quotes. Also, for compatibility reasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is the same as /C. Any other switches are ignored. If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line after the switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic is used to process quote (") characters: 1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters on the command line are preserved: - no /S switch - exactly two quote characters - no special characters between the two quote characters, where special is one of: &<>()@^| - there are one or more whitespace characters between the the two quote characters - the string between the two quote characters is the name of an executable file. 2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving any text after the last quote character. If /D was NOT specified on the command line, then when CMD.EXE starts, it looks for the following REG_SZ/REG_EXPAND_SZ registry variables, and if either or both are present, they are executed first. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun Command Extensions are enabled by default. You may also disable extensions for a particular invocation by using the /E:OFF switch. You can enable or disable extensions for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDT32.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions to either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence over the machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over the registry settings. The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the following commands: DEL or ERASE COLOR CD or CHDIR MD or MKDIR PROMPT PUSHD POPD SET SETLOCAL ENDLOCAL IF FOR CALL SHIFT GOTO START (also includes changes to external command invocation) ASSOC FTYPE To get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics. Delayed environment variable expansion is NOT enabled by default. You can enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion for a particular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. You can enable or disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDT32.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion to either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence over the machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over the registry settings. If delayed environment variable expansion is enabled, then the exclamation character can be used to substitute the value of an environment variable at execution time. File and Directory name completion is NOT enabled by default. You can enable or disable file name completion for a particular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /F:ON or /F:OFF switch. You can enable or disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDT32.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar with the hex value of a control character to use for a particular function (e.g. 0x4 is Ctrl-D and 0x6 is Ctrl-F). The user specific settings take precedence over the machine settings. The command line switches take precedence over the registry settings. If completion is enabled with the /F:ON switch, the two control characters used are Ctrl-D for directory name completion and Ctrl-F for file name completion. To disable a particular completion character in the registry, use the value for space (0x20) as it is not a valid control character. Completion is invoked when you type either of the two control characters. The completion function takes the path string to the left of the cursor appends a wild card character to it if none is already present and builds up a list of paths that match. It then displays the first matching path. If no paths match, it just beeps and leaves the display alone. Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same control character will cycle through the list of matching paths. Pressing the Shift key with the control character will move through the list backwards. If you edit the line in any way and press the control character again, the saved list of matching paths is discarded and a new one generated. The same occurs if you switch between file and directory name completion. The only difference between the two control characters is the file completion character matches both file and directory names, while the directory completion character only matches directory names. If file completion is used on any of the built in directory commands (CD, MD or RD) then directory completion is assumed. The completion code deals correctly with file names that contain spaces or other special characters by placing quotes around the matching path. Also, if you back up, then invoke completion from within a line, the text to the right of the cursor at the point completion was invoked is discarded. The special characters that require quotes are: <space> &()[]{}^=;!'+,`~
Sets the default console foreground and background colors. COLOR [attr] attr Specifies color attribute of console output Color attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the first corresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digit can be any of the following values: 0 = Black 8 = Gray 1 = Blue 9 = Light Blue 2 = Green A = Light Green 3 = Aqua B = Light Aqua 4 = Red C = Light Red 5 = Purple D = Light Purple 6 = Yellow E = Light Yellow 7 = White F = Bright White If no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it was when CMD.EXE started. This value either comes from the current console window, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registry value. The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to execute the COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are the same. Example: "COLOR fc" produces light red on bright white
Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] [/OFF[LINE]] data1 Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare. data2 Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare. /D Displays differences in decimal format. /A Displays differences in ASCII characters. /L Displays line numbers for differences. /N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file. /C Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters.
Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions. COMPACT [/C | /U] [/S[:dir]] [/A] [/I] [/F] [/Q] [filename [...]] /C Compresses the specified files. Directories will be marked so that files added afterward will be compressed. /U Uncompresses the specified files. Directories will be marked so that files added afterward will not be compressed. /S Performs the specified operation on files in the given directory and all subdirectories. Default "dir" is the current directory. /A Displays files with the hidden or system attributes. These files are omitted by default. /I Continues performing the specified operation even after errors have occurred. By default, COMPACT stops when an error is encountered. /F Forces the compress operation on all specified files, even those which are already compressed. Already-compressed files are skipped by default. /Q Reports only the most essential information. filename Specifies a pattern, file, or directory. Used without parameters, COMPACT displays the compression state of the current directory and any files it contains. You may use multiple filenames and wildcards. You must put spaces between multiple parameters.
Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. CONVERT volume /FS:NTFS [/V] [/CvtArea:filename] [/NoSecurity] [/X] volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. /FS:NTFS Specifies that the volume is to be converted to NTFS. /V Specifies that Convert should be run in verbose mode. /CvtArea:filename Specifies a contiguous file in the root directory to be the place holder for NTFS system files. /NoSecurity Specifies the converted files and directories security settings to be accessible by everyone. /X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid.
Copies one or more files to another location. COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]] source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. /D Allow the destination file to be created decrypted destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a non-8dot3 name. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /Z Copies networked files in restartable mode. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default is to prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed from within a batch script. To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).
Displays or sets the date. DATE [/T | date] Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supports the /T switch which tells the command to just output the current date, without prompting for a new date.
Deletes one or more files. DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. /F Force deleting of read-only files. /S Delete specified files from all subdirectories. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard /A Selects files to delete based on attributes attributes R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving - Prefix meaning not If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows: The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N] [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attributes D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving S System files - Prefix meaning not /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the default. Use /-C to disable display of separator. /D Same as wide but files are list sorted by column. /L Uses lowercase. /N New long list format where filenames are on the far right. /O List by files in sorted order. sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /Q Display the owner of the file. /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /T Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting timefield C Creation A Last Access W Last Written /W Uses wide list format. /X This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are displayed in its place. /4 Displays four-digit years Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.
Compares the contents of two floppy disks. DISKCOMP [drive1: [drive2:]]
Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/V] /V Verifies that the information is copied correctly. The two floppy disks must be the same type. You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.
Edits command lines, recalls Windows XP commands, and creates macros. DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/LISTSIZE=size] [/MACROS[:ALL | :exename]] [/HISTORY] [/INSERT | /OVERSTRIKE] [/EXENAME=exename] [/MACROFILE=filename] [macroname=[text]] /REINSTALL Installs a new copy of Doskey. /LISTSIZE=size Sets size of command history buffer. /MACROS Displays all Doskey macros. /MACROS:ALL Displays all Doskey macros for all executables which have Doskey macros. /MACROS:exename Displays all Doskey macros for the given executable. /HISTORY Displays all commands stored in memory. /INSERT Specifies that new text you type is inserted in old text. /OVERSTRIKE Specifies that new text overwrites old text. /EXENAME=exename Specifies the executable. /MACROFILE=filename Specifies a file of macros to install. macroname Specifies a name for a macro you create. text Specifies commands you want to record. UP and DOWN ARROWS recall commands; ESC clears command line; F7 displays command history; ALT+F7 clears command history; F8 searches command history; F9 selects a command by number; ALT+F10 clears macro definitions. The following are some special codes in Doskey macro definitions: $T Command separator. Allows multiple commands in a macro. $1-$9 Batch parameters. Equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs. $* Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on command line.
Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off. ECHO [ON | OFF] ECHO [message] Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.
Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. Environment changes made after ENDLOCAL has been issued are not local to the batch file; the previous settings are not restored on termination of the batch file. ENDLOCAL If Command Extensions are enabled ENDLOCAL changes as follows: If the corresponding SETLOCAL enable or disabled command extensions using the new ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS options, then after the ENDLOCAL, the enabled/disabled state of command extensions will be restored to what it was prior to the matching SETLOCAL command execution.
Deletes one or more files. DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. /F Force deleting of read-only files. /S Delete specified files from all subdirectories. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard /A Selects files to delete based on attributes attributes R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving - Prefix meaning not If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows: The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.
Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batch script. EXIT [/B] [exitCode] /B specifies to exit the current batch script instead of CMD.EXE. If executed from outside a batch script, it will quit CMD.EXE exitCode specifies a numeric number. if /B is specified, sets ERRORLEVEL that number. If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process exit code with that number.
Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between them FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/OFF[LINE]] [/T] [/U] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2 FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2 /A Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences. /B Performs a binary comparison. /C Disregards the case of letters. /L Compares files as ASCII text. /LBn Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified number of lines. /N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. /T Does not expand tabs to spaces. /U Compare files as UNICODE text files. /W Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison. /nnnn Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match after a mismatch. [drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies the first file or set of files to compare. [drive2:][path2]filename2 Specifies the second file or set of files to compare.
Searches for a text string in a file or files. FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string. /C Displays only the count of lines containing the string. /N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines. /I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. "string" Specifies the text string to find. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command.
Searches for strings in files. FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file] [/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]] strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line. /E Matches pattern if at the end of a line. /L Uses search strings literally. /R Uses search strings as regular expressions. /S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all subdirectories. /I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive. /X Prints lines that match exactly. /V Prints only lines that do not contain a match. /N Prints the line number before each line that matches. /M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match. /O Prints character offset before each matching line. /P Skip files with non-printable characters. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. /A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?" /F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console). /C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string. /G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console). /D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories strings Text to be searched for. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or "there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for "hello there" in file x.y. Regular expression quick reference: . Wildcard: any character * Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class ^ Line position: beginning of line $ Line position: end of line [class] Character class: any one character in set [^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set [x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range \x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x \<xyz Word position: beginning of word xyz\> Word position: end of word For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command Reference.
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] %variable Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter. (set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used. command Specifies the command to carry out for each file. command-parameters Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command. To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead of %variable. Variable names are case sensitive, so %i is different from %I. If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additional forms of the FOR command are supported: FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory names instead of file names. FOR /R [[drive:]path] %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory specification is specified after /R then the current directory is assumed. If set is just a single period (.) character then it will just enumerate the directory tree. FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters] The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount. So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1) FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters] or, if usebackq option present: FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters] filenameset is one or more file names. Each file is opened, read and processed before going on to the next file in filenameset. Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or more tokens. The body of the for loop is then called with the variable value(s) set to the found token string(s). By default, /F passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file. Blank lines are skipped. You can override the default parsing behavior by specifying the optional "options" parameter. This is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify different parsing options. The keywords are: eol=c - specifies an end of line comment character (just one) skip=n - specifies the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file. delims=xxx - specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the default delimiter set of space and tab. tokens=x,y,m-n - specifies which tokens from each line are to be passed to the for body for each iteration. This will cause additional variable names to be allocated. The m-n form is a range, specifying the mth through the nth tokens. If the last character in the tokens= string is an asterisk, then an additional variable is allocated and receives the remaining text on the line after the last token parsed. usebackq - specifies that the new semantics are in force, where a back quoted string is executed as a command and a single quoted string is a literal string command and allows the use of double quotes to quote file names in filenameset. Some examples might help: FOR /F "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, " %i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %i %j %k would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces. Notice the for body statements reference %i to get the 2nd token, %j to get the 3rd token, and %k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd. For file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with double quotes. In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be interpreted as defining a literal string to parse. %i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %j and %k are implicitly declared via the tokens= option. You can specify up to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'. Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global, and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time. You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by making the filenameset between the parenthesis a quoted string, using single quote characters. It will be treated as a single line of input from a file and parsed. Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a command. You do this by making the filenameset between the parenthesis a back quoted string. It will be treated as a command line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured into memory and parsed as if it was a file. So the following example: FOR /F "usebackq delims==" %i IN (`set`) DO @echo %i would enumerate the environment variable names in the current environment. In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax: %~I - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (") %~fI - expands %I to a fully qualified path name %~dI - expands %I to a drive letter only %~pI - expands %I to a path only %~nI - expands %I to a file name only %~xI - expands %I to a file extension only %~sI - expanded path contains short names only %~aI - expands %I to file attributes of file %~tI - expands %I to date/time of file %~zI - expands %I to size of file %~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %I to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string The modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only %~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only %~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only %~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name. Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.
Formats a disk for use with Windows XP. FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system] [/V:label] [/Q] [/A:size] [/C] [/X] FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size] FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] FORMAT volume [/Q] volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. /FS:filesystem Specifies the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS). /V:label Specifies the volume label. /Q Performs a quick format. /C NTFS only: Files created on the new volume will be compressed by default. /X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened handles to the volume would no longer be valid. /A:size Overrides the default allocation unit size. Default settings are strongly recommended for general use. NTFS supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K. FAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K, (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes). FAT32 supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K, (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes). Note that the FAT and FAT32 files systems impose the following restrictions on the number of clusters on a volume: FAT: Number of clusters = 65526 FAT32: 65526 Number of clusters 4177918 Format will immediately stop processing if it decides that the above requirements cannot be met using the specified cluster size. NTFS compression is not supported for allocation unit sizes above 4096. /F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (1.44) /T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side. /N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]] fileType Specifies the file type to examine or change openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files of this type. Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types that have open command strings defined. FTYPE is invoked with just a file type, it displays the current open command string for that file type. Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command will delete the open command string for the file type. Within an open command string %0 or %1 are substituted with the file name being launched through the assocation. %* gets all the parameters and %2 gets the 1st parameter, %3 the second, etc. %~n gets all the remaining parameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9, inclusive. For example: ASSOC .pl=PerlScript FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %* would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows: script.pl 1 2 3 If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do the following: set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT% and the script could be invoked as follows: script 1 2 3
Directs cmd.exe to a labeled line in a batch program. GOTO label label Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label. You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon. If Command Extensions are enabled GOTO changes as follows: GOTO command now accepts a target label of :EOF which transfers control to the end of the current batch script file. This is an easy way to exit a batch script file without defining a label. Type CALL /? for a description of extensions to the CALL command that make this feature useful.
Enable Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. GRAFTABL [xxx] GRAFTABL /STATUS xxx Specifies a code page number. /STATUS Displays the current code page selected for use with GRAFTABL.
Provides help information for Windows XP commands. HELP [command] command - displays help information on that command.
Performs conditional processing in batch programs. IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command IF [NOT] string1==string2 command IF [NOT] EXIST filename command NOT Specifies that Windows XP should carry out the command only if the condition is false. ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run returned an exit code equal to or greater than the number specified. string1==string2 Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings match. EXIST filename Specifies a true condition if the specified filename exists. command Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is met. Command can be followed by ELSE command which will execute the command after the ELSE keyword if the specified condition is FALSE The ELSE clause must occur on the same line as the command after the IF. For example: IF EXIST filename. ( del filename. ) ELSE ( echo filename. missing. ) The following would NOT work because the del command needs to be terminated by a newline: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missing Nor would the following work, since the ELSE command must be on the same line as the end of the IF command: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missing The following would work if you want it all on one line: IF EXIST filename. (del filename.) ELSE echo filename. missing If Command Extensions are enabled IF changes as follows: IF [/I] string1 compare-op string2 command IF CMDEXTVERSION number command IF DEFINED variable command where compare-op may be one of: EQU - equal NEQ - not equal LSS - less than LEQ - less than or equal GTR - greater than GEQ - greater than or equal and the /I switch, if specified, says to do case insensitive string compares. The /I switch can also be used on the string1==string2 form of IF. These comparisons are generic, in that if both string1 and string2 are both comprised of all numeric digits, then the strings are converted to numbers and a numeric comparison is performed. The CMDEXTVERSION conditional works just like ERRORLEVEL, except it is comparing against an internal version number associated with the Command Extensions. The first version is 1. It will be incremented by one when significant enhancements are added to the Command Extensions. CMDEXTVERSION conditional is never true when Command Extensions are disabled. The DEFINED conditional works just like EXISTS except it takes an environment variable name and returns true if the environment variable is defined. %ERRORLEVEL% will expand into a string representation of the current value of ERRORLEVEL, provided that there is not already an environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in which case you will get its value instead. After running a program, the following illustrates ERRORLEVEL use: goto answer%ERRORLEVEL% :answer0 echo Program had return code 0 :answer1 echo Program had return code 1 You can also using the numerical comparisons above: IF %ERRORLEVEL% LEQ 1 goto okay %CMDCMDLINE% will expand into the original command line passed to CMD.EXE prior to any processing by CMD.EXE, provided that there is not already an environment variable with the name CMDCMDLINE, in which case you will get its value instead. %CMDEXTVERSION% will expand into a string representation of the current value of CMDEXTVERSION, provided that there is not already an environment variable with the name CMDEXTVERSION, in which case you will get its value instead.
Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. LABEL [drive:][label] LABEL [/MP] [volume] [label] drive: Specifies the drive letter of a drive. label Specifies the label of the volume. /MP Specifies that the volume should be treated as a mount point or volume name. volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. If volume name is specified, the /MP flag is unnecessary.
Creates a directory. MKDIR [drive:]path MD [drive:]path If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows: MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed. For example, assume \a does not exist then: mkdir \a\b\c\d is the same as: mkdir \a chdir \a mkdir b chdir b mkdir c chdir c mkdir d which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.
Creates a directory. MKDIR [drive:]path MD [drive:]path If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows: MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed. For example, assume \a does not exist then: mkdir \a\b\c\d is the same as: mkdir \a chdir \a mkdir b chdir b mkdir c chdir c mkdir d which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.
Configures system devices. Serial port: MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s] [to=on|off] [xon=on|off] [odsr=on|off] [octs=on|off] [dtr=on|off|hs] [rts=on|off|hs|tg] [idsr=on|off] Device Status: MODE [device] [/STATUS] Redirect printing: MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:] Select code page: MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyy Code page status: MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS] Display mode: MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n] Typematic rate: MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]
Displays output one screen at a time. MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] [drive:][path]filename command-name | MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] MORE /E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n] [files] [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file to display one screen at a time. command-name Specifies a command whose output will be displayed. /E Enable extended features /C Clear screen before displaying page /P Expand FormFeed characters /S Squeeze multiple blank lines into a single line /Tn Expand tabs to n spaces (default 8) Switches can be present in the MORE environment variable. +n Start displaying the first file at line n files List of files to be displayed. Files in the list are separated by blanks. If extended features are enabled, the following commands are accepted at the More prompt: P n Display next n lines S n Skip next n lines F Display next file Q Quit="Show" line number ? Show help line space Display next page Display next line
Moves files and renames files and directories. To move one or more files: MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destination To rename a directory: MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2 [drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file or files you want to move. destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, or a combination. If you are moving only one file, you can also include a filename if you want to rename the file when you move it. [drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename. dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable. This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default is to prompt on overwrites unless MOVE command is being executed from within a batch script.
Displays or sets a search path for executable files. PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%PATH%] PATH ; Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to search only in the current directory. Type PATH without parameters to display the current path. Including %PATH% in the new path setting causes the old path to be appended to the new setting.
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message Press any key to continue . . .
Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command. POPD If Command Extensions are enabled the POPD command will delete any temporary drive letter created by PUSHD when you POPD that drive off the pushed directory stack.
Prints a text file. PRINT [/D:device] [[drive:][path]filename[...]] /D:device Specifies a print device.
Changes the cmd.exe command prompt. PROMPT [text] text Specifies a new command prompt. Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes: $A & (Ampersand) $B | (pipe) $C ( (Left parenthesis) $D Current date $E Escape code (ASCII code 27) $F ) (Right parenthesis) $G > (greater-than sign) $H Backspace (erases previous character) $L (less-than sign) $N Current drive $P Current drive and path $Q="(equal" sign) $S (space) $T Current time $V Windows XP version number $_ Carriage return and linefeed $$ $ (dollar sign) If Command Extensions are enabled the PROMPT command supports the following additional formatting characters: $+ zero or more plus sign (+) characters depending upon the depth of the PUSHD directory stack, one character for each level pushed. $M Displays the remote name associated with the current drive letter or the empty string if current drive is not a network drive.
Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, then changes to the specified directory. PUSHD [path | ..] path Specifies the directory to make the current directory. If Command Extensions are enabled the PUSHD command accepts network paths in addition to the normal drive letter and path. If a network path is specified, PUSHD will create a temporary drive letter that points to that specified network resource and then change the current drive and directory, using the newly defined drive letter. Temporary drive letters are allocated from Z: on down, using the first unused drive letter found.
Removes (deletes) a directory. RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path /S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S
Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. RECOVER [drive:][path]filename Consult the online Command Reference in Windows XP Help before using the RECOVER command.
Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS. REM [comment]
Renames a file or files. RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2. REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2. Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.
Renames a file or files. RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2. REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2. Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.
Replaces files. REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/W] REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W] [/U] [drive1:][path1]filename Specifies the source file or files. [drive2:][path2] Specifies the directory where files are to be replaced. /A Adds new files to destination directory. Cannot use with /S or /U switches. /P Prompts for confirmation before replacing a file or adding a source file. /R Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected files. /S Replaces files in all subdirectories of the destination directory. Cannot use with the /A switch. /W Waits for you to insert a disk before beginning. /U Replaces (updates) only files that are older than source files. Cannot use with the /A switch.
Removes (deletes) a directory. RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path /S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S
Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. SET [variable=[string]] variable Specifies the environment-variable name. string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable. Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables. If Command Extensions are enabled SET changes as follows: SET command invoked with just a variable name, no equal sign or value will display the value of all variables whose prefix matches the name given to the SET command. For example: SET P would display all variables that begin with the letter 'P' SET command will set the ERRORLEVEL to 1 if the variable name is not found in the current environment. SET command will not allow an equal sign to be part of the name of a variable. Two new switches have been added to the SET command: SET /A expression SET /P variable=[promptString] The /A switch specifies that the string to the right of the equal sign is a numerical expression that is evaluated. The expression evaluator is pretty simple and supports the following operations, in decreasing order of precedence: () - grouping ! ~ - - unary operators * / % - arithmetic operators + - - arithmetic operators <<>> - logical shift & - bitwise and ^ - bitwise exclusive or | - bitwise or = *= /= %= += -= - assignment &= ^= |= <<=>>= , - expression separator If you use any of the logical or modulus operators, you will need to enclose the expression string in quotes. Any non-numeric strings in the expression are treated as environment variable names whose values are converted to numbers before using them. If an environment variable name is specified but is not defined in the current environment, then a value of zero is used. This allows you to do arithmetic with environment variable values without having to type all those % signs to get their values. If SET /A is executed from the command line outside of a command script, then it displays the final value of the expression. The assignment operator requires an environment variable name to the left of the assignment operator. Numeric values are decimal numbers, unless prefixed by 0x for hexadecimal numbers, and 0 for octal numbers. So 0x12 is the same as 18 is the same as 022. Please note that the octal notation can be confusing: 08 and 09 are not valid numbers because 8 and 9 are not valid octal digits. The /P switch allows you to set the value of a variable to a line of input entered by the user. Displays the specified promptString before reading the line of input. The promptString can be empty. Environment variable substitution has been enhanced as follows: %PATH:str1=str2% would expand the PATH environment variable, substituting each occurrence of "str1" in the expanded result with "str2". "str2" can be the empty string to effectively delete all occurrences of "str1" from the expanded output. "str1" can begin with an asterisk, in which case it will match everything from the beginning of the expanded output to the first occurrence of the remaining portion of str1. May also specify substrings for an expansion. %PATH:~10,5% would expand the PATH environment variable, and then use only the 5 characters that begin at the 11th (offset 10) character of the expanded result. If the length is not specified, then it defaults to the remainder of the variable value. If either number (offset or length) is negative, then the number used is the length of the environment variable value added to the offset or length specified. %PATH:~-10% would extract the last 10 characters of the PATH variable. %PATH:~0,-2% would extract all but the last 2 characters of the PATH variable. Finally, support for delayed environment variable expansion has been added. This support is always disabled by default, but may be enabled/disabled via the /V command line switch to CMD.EXE. See CMD /? Delayed environment variable expansion is useful for getting around the limitations of the current expansion which happens when a line of text is read, not when it is executed. The following example demonstrates the problem with immediate variable expansion: set VAR=before if "%VAR%" == "before" ( set VAR=after if "%VAR%" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked ) would never display the message, since the %VAR% in BOTH IF statements is substituted when the first IF statement is read, since it logically includes the body of the IF, which is a compound statement. So the IF inside the compound statement is really comparing "before" with "after" which will never be equal. Similarly, the following example will not work as expected: set LIST= for %i in (*) do set LIST=%LIST% %i echo %LIST% in that it will NOT build up a list of files in the current directory, but instead will just set the LIST variable to the last file found. Again, this is because the %LIST% is expanded just once when the FOR statement is read, and at that time the LIST variable is empty. So the actual FOR loop we are executing is: for %i in (*) do set LIST= %i which just keeps setting LIST to the last file found. Delayed environment variable expansion allows you to use a different character (the exclamation mark) to expand environment variables at execution time. If delayed variable expansion is enabled, the above examples could be written as follows to work as intended: set VAR=before if "%VAR%" == "before" ( set VAR=after if "!VAR!" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked ) set LIST= for %i in (*) do set LIST=!LIST! %i echo %LIST% If Command Extensions are enabled, then there are several dynamic environment variables that can be expanded but which don't show up in the list of variables displayed by SET. These variable values are computed dynamically each time the value of the variable is expanded. If the user explicitly defines a variable with one of these names, then that definition will override the dynamic one described below: %CD% - expands to the current directory string. %DATE% - expands to current date using same format as DATE command. %TIME% - expands to current time using same format as TIME command. %RANDOM% - expands to a random decimal number between 0 and 32767. %ERRORLEVEL% - expands to the current ERRORLEVEL value %CMDEXTVERSION% - expands to the current Command Processor Extensions version number. %CMDCMDLINE% - expands to the original command line that invoked the Command Processor.
Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. Environment changes made after SETLOCAL has been issued are local to the batch file. ENDLOCAL must be issued to restore the previous settings. When the end of a batch script is reached, an implied ENDLOCAL is executed for any outstanding SETLOCAL commands issued by that batch script. SETLOCAL If Command Extensions are enabled SETLOCAL changes as follows: SETLOCAL batch command now accepts optional arguments: ENABLEEXTENSIONS / DISABLEEXTENSIONS enable or disable command processor extensions. See CMD /? for details. ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION / DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion. See SET /? for details. These modifications last until the matching ENDLOCAL command, regardless of their setting prior to the SETLOCAL command. The SETLOCAL command will set the ERRORLEVEL value if given an argument. It will be zero if one of the two valid arguments is given and one otherwise. You can use this in batch scripts to determine if the extensions are available, using the following technique: VERIFY OTHER 2>nul SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS IF ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Unable to enable extensions This works because on old versions of CMD.EXE, SETLOCAL does NOT set the ERRORLEVEL value. The VERIFY command with a bad argument initializes the ERRORLEVEL value to a non-zero value.
Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file. SHIFT [/n] If Command Extensions are enabled the SHIFT command supports the /n switch which tells the command to start shifting at the nth argument, where n may be between zero and eight. For example: SHIFT /2 would shift %3 to %2, %4 to %3, etc. and leave %0 and %1 unaffected.
SORT [/R] [/+n] [/M kilobytes] [/L locale] [/REC recordbytes] [[drive1:][path1]filename1] [/T [drive2:][path2]] [/O [drive3:][path3]filename3] /+n Specifies the character number, n, to begin each comparison. /+3 indicates that each comparison should begin at the 3rd character in each line. Lines with fewer than n characters collate before other lines. By default comparisons start at the first character in each line. /L[OCALE] locale Overrides the system default locale with the specified one. The ""C"" locale yields the fastest collating sequence and is currently the only alternative. The sort is always case insensitive. /M[EMORY] kilobytes Specifies amount of main memory to use for the sort, in kilobytes. The memory size is always constrained to be a minimum of 160 kilobytes. If the memory size is specified the exact amount will be used for the sort, regardless of how much main memory is available. The best performance is usually achieved by not specifying a memory size. By default the sort will be done with one pass (no temporary file) if it fits in the default maximum memory size, otherwise the sort will be done in two passes (with the partially sorted data being stored in a temporary file) such that the amounts of memory used for both the sort and merge passes are equal. The default maximum memory size is 90% of available main memory if both the input and output are files, and 45% of main memory otherwise. /REC[ORD_MAXIMUM] characters Specifies the maximum number of characters in a record (default 4096, maximum 65535). /R[EVERSE] Reverses the sort order; that is, sorts Z to A, then 9 to 0. [drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies the file to be sorted. If not specified, the standard input is sorted. Specifying the input file is faster than redirecting the same file as standard input. /T[EMPORARY] [drive2:][path2] Specifies the path of the directory to hold the sort's working storage, in case the data does not fit in main memory. The default is to use the system temporary directory. /O[UTPUT] [drive3:][path3]filename3 Specifies the file where the sorted input is to be stored. If not specified, the data is written to the standard output. Specifying the output file is faster than redirecting standard output to the same file.
Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. START ["title"] [/Dpath] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED] [/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL] [/WAIT] [/B] [command/program] [parameters] "title" Title to display in window title bar. path Starting directory B Start application without creating a new window. The application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt the application I The new environment will be the original environment passed to the cmd.exe and not the current environment. MIN Start window minimized MAX Start window maximized SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate command/program If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe. This means that the window will remain after the command has been run. If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then it is a program and will run as either a windowed application or a console application. parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation through the command line or the START command changes as follows: non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension). See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these associations from within a command script. When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing within a command script. When executing a command line whose first token is the string "CMD " without an extension or path qualifier, then "CMD" is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE from the current directory. When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable is: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons separating the different elements. When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension, then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, the START command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from the command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.
Associates a path with a drive letter. SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path] SUBST drive1: /D drive1: Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path. [drive2:]path Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to a virtual drive. /D Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive. Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.
Displays or sets the system time. TIME [/T | time] Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time. If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supports the /T switch which tells the command to just output the current time, without prompting for a new time.
Sets the window title for the command prompt window. TITLE [string] string Specifies the title for the command prompt window.
Graphically displays the folder structure of a drive or path. TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A] /F Display the names of the files in each folder. /A Use ASCII instead of extended characters.
Displays the contents of a text file or files. TYPE [drive:][path]filename
Displays the Windows XP version. VER
Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk. VERIFY [ON | OFF] Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.
Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist. VOL [drive:]
Copies files and directory trees. XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D[:date]] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W] [/C] [/I] [/Q] [/F] [/L] [/G] [/H] [/R] [/T] [/U] [/K] [/N] [/O] [/X] [/Y] [/-Y] [/Z] [/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...] source Specifies the file(s) to copy. destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files. /A Copies only files with the archive attribute set, doesn't change the attribute. /M Copies only files with the archive attribute set, turns off the archive attribute. /D:m-d-y Copies files changed on or after the specified date. If no date is given, copies only those files whose source time is newer than the destination time. /EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]... Specifies a list of files containing strings. Each string should be in a separate line in the files. When any of the strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file will be excluded from being copied. For example, specifying a string like \obj\ or .obj will exclude all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the .obj extension respectively. /P Prompts you before creating each destination file. /S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones. /E Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones. Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T. /V Verifies each new file. /W Prompts you to press a key before copying. /C Continues copying even if errors occur. /I If destination does not exist and copying more than one file, assumes that destination must be a directory. /Q Does not display file names while copying. /F Displays full source and destination file names while copying. /L Displays files that would be copied. /G Allows the copying of encrypted files to destination that does not support encryption. /H Copies hidden and system files also. /R Overwrites read-only files. /T Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes empty directories and subdirectories. /U Copies only files that already exist in destination. /K Copies attributes. Normal Xcopy will reset read-only attributes. /N Copies using the generated short names. /O Copies file ownership and ACL information. /X Copies file audit settings (implies /O). /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /Z Copies networked files in restartable mode. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.
Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in the current directory. APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E] APPEND ; [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting your system. Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list. Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.
Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP). ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr] ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr] ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] -a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP table are displayed. -g Same as -a. inet_addr Specifies an internet address. -N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. inet_addr may be wildcarded with * to delete all hosts. -s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry is permanent. eth_addr Specifies a physical address. if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whose address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used. Example: > arp -s 157.55.85.212 00-aa-00-62-c6-09 .... Adds a static entry. > arp -a .... Displays the arp table.
Usage: atmadm [options] where options are one or more of: -c List all connections -a List all registered addresses -s Display Statistics
Auditusr - sets per user auditing policy. /? prints command-line help. If no parameters are given then the current settings will be displayed. Specify one of: /is <security principal>:<list of comma-delimited categories> adds or changes an include-success entry /if <security principal>:<list of comma-delimited categories> adds or changes an include-failure entry /es <security principal>:<list of comma-delimited categories> adds or changes an exclude-success entry /ef <security principal>:<list of comma-delimited categories> adds or changes an exclude-failure entry /r <security principal> removes all per-user auditing entries for that security principal /ra removes all per-user auditing entries /e <filename> exports current per-user auditing settings to a file /i <filename> imports current per-user auditing settings from a file Valid categories are: System Event Logon/Logoff Object Access Privilege Use Detailed Tracking Policy Change Account Management Directory Service Access Account Logon
/V - enable verbose mode
Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.6 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1996-2001. All rights reserved. Usage: CScript scriptname.extension [option...] [arguments...] Options: //B Batch mode: Suppresses script errors and prompts from displaying //D Enable Active Debugging //E:engine Use engine for executing script //H:CScript Changes the default script host to CScript.exe //H:WScript Changes the default script host to WScript.exe (default) //I Interactive mode (default, opposite of //B) //Job:xxxx Execute a WSF job //Logo Display logo (default) //Nologo Prevent logo display: No banner will be shown at execution time //S Save current command line options for this user //T:nn Time out in seconds: Maximum time a script is permitted to run //X Execute script in debugger //U Use Unicode for redirected I/O from the console
Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool. DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]] [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test. testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by the file you want to test. After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.
Usage: DEFRAG <volume> [-a] [-f] [-v] [-?] volume drive letter or mount point (d: or d:\vol\mountpoint) -a Analyze only -f Force defragmentation even if free space is low -v Verbose output -? Display this help text
Microsoft (R) Cabinet Maker - Version 5.1.2600.2180 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.. MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] [/L dir] source [destination] MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] /F directive_file [...] source File to compress. destination File name to give compressed file. If omitted, the last character of the source file name is replaced with an underscore (_) and used as the destination. /F directives A file with MakeCAB directives (may be repeated). /D var=value Defines variable with specified value. /L dir Location to place destination (default is current directory). /V[n] Verbosity level (1..3).
Microsoft DiskPart version 5.1.3565 Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Microsoft Corporation. On computer: A1010Y-PC Microsoft DiskPart syntax: diskpart [/s (script Ra2D)] [/?] /s (script Ra2D) - Use a DiskPart script. /? - Show this help screen.
DISKPERF [-Y[D|V] | -N[D|V]] [\\computername] -Y Sets the system to start all disk performance counters when the system is restarted. -YD Enables the disk performance counters for physical drives. when the system is restarted. -YV Enables the disk performance counters for logical drives or storage volumes when the system is restarted. -N Sets the system to disable all disk performance counters when the system is restarted. -ND Disables the disk performance counters for physical drives. -NV Disables the disk performance counters for logical drives. \\computername Is the name of the computer you want to see or set disk performance counter use. The computer must be a Windows 2000 system. NOTE: Disk performance counters are permanently enabled on systems beyond Windows 2000.
Starts Edlin, a line-oriented text editor. EDLIN [drive:][path]filename [/B] /B Ignores end-of-file (CTRL+Z) characters.
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format. EXE2BIN [drive1:][path1]input-file [[drive2:][path2]output-file] input-file Specifies the .EXE file to be converted. output-file Specifies the binary file to be created.
Microsoft (R) File Expansion Utility Version 5.1.2600.0 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1990-1999. All rights reserved. Expands one or more compressed files. EXPAND [-r] Source Destination EXPAND -r Source [Destination] EXPAND -D Source.cab [-F:Files] EXPAND Source.cab -F:Files Destination -r Rename expanded files. -D Display list of files in source. Source Source file specification. Wildcards may be used. -F:Files Name of files to expand from a .CAB. Destination Destination file | path specification. Destination may be a directory. If Source is multiple files and -r is not specified, Destination must be a directory.
Displays information about a user on a specified system running the Finger service. Output varies based on the remote system. FINGER [-l] [user]@host [...] -l Displays information in long list format. user Specifies the user you want information about. Omit the user parameter to display information about all users on the specifed host. @host Specifies the server on the remote system whose users you want information about.
Valid commands: load Loads a Filter driver unload Unloads a Filter driver filters Lists the Filters currently registered in the system instances Lists the Instances for a Filter or Volume currently registered in the system volumes Lists all volumes/RDRs in the system attach Creates a Filter Instance to a Volume detach Removes a Filter Instance from a Volume Use fltmc help [ command ] for help on a specific command
FORCEDOS [/D directory] filename [parameters] /D directory Specifies the current directory for the specified program to use. filename Specifies the program to start. parameters Specifies parameters to pass to the program.
---- Commands Supported ---- behavior Control file system behavior dirty Manage volume dirty bit file File specific commands fsinfo File system information hardlink Hardlink management objectid Object ID management quota Quota management reparsepoint Reparse point management sparse Sparse file control usn USN management volume Volume management
Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service (sometimes called a daemon). Ftp can be used interactively. FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [-A] [host] -v Suppresses display of remote server responses. -n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection. -i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers. -d Enables debugging. -g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command). -s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the commands will automatically run after FTP starts. -a Use any local interface when binding data connection. -A login as anonymous. -w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096. host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote host to connect to. Notes: - mget and mput commands take y/n/q for yes/no/quit. - Use Control-C to abort commands.
Prints the name of the current host. hostname
USAGE: ipconfig [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] | /flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns | /showclassid adapter | /setclassid adapter [classid] ] where adapter Connection name (wildcard characters * and ? allowed, see examples) Options: /? Display this help message /all Display full configuration information. /release Release the IP address for the specified adapter. /renew Renew the IP address for the specified adapter. /flushdns Purges the DNS Resolver cache. /registerdns Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names /displaydns Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache. /showclassid Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter. /setclassid Modifies the dhcp class id. The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP. For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed. For Setclassid, if no ClassId is specified, then the ClassId is removed. Examples: > ipconfig ... Show information. > ipconfig /all ... Show detailed information > ipconfig /renew ... renew all adapters > ipconfig /renew EL* ... renew any connection that has its name starting with EL > ipconfig /release *Con* ... release all matching connections, eg. "Local Area Connection 1" or "Local Area Connection 2"
Usage: java [-options] class [args...] (to execute a class) or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...] (to execute a jar file) where options include: -client to select the "client" VM -server to select the "server" VM -hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated] The default VM is client. -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files> -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files> A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives, and ZIP archives to search for class files. -D<name>=<value> set a system property -verbose[:class|gc|jni] enable verbose output -version print product version and exit -version:<value> require the specified version to run -showversion print product version and continue -jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search include/exclude user private JREs in the version search -? -help print this help message -X print help on non-standard options -ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>] -enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>] enable assertions -da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>] -disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>] disable assertions -esa | -enablesystemassertions enable system assertions -dsa | -disablesystemassertions disable system assertions -agentlib:<libname>[=<options>] load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help -agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>] load native agent library by full pathname -javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>] load Java programming language agent, see java.lang.instrument -splash:<imagepath> show splash screen with specified image
LODCTR Updates Performance Monitor counter names and explain text for an extensible counter Usage: LODCTR [\\computername] filename computername is the name of the remote computer. Local machine is used if computername is not specified. filename is the name of the initialization file that contains the counter name definitions and explain text for an extensible counter DLL. LODCTR /S:<FileName> save current perf registry strings and info to <FileName> LODCTR /R:<FileName> restore perf registry strings and info using <FileName> Note: any arguments with spaces in the names must be enclosed within Double Quotation marks.
Microsoft r Logman.exe (5.1.2600.2180) c Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Logman manages the "PerformanceLogs and Alerts" service for creating and managing Event Trace Session logs and Performancelogs. __ Usage: LOGMAN VERB <collection_name> [options] Verbs: create <counter|trace> Create a new collection. start Start an existing collection and set the begin time to manual. stop Stop an existing collection and set the end time to manual. delete Delete an existing collection. query [collection_name|providers] Query collection properties. If no collection_name is given all collections are listed. The keyword 'providers' will list all of the registered Event Trace providers. update Update an existing collection properties. Parameters: <collection_name> Name of the collection. Options: -? Displays context sensitive help. -s <computer> Perform the command on specified remote system. -config <filename> Settings file containing command options. -b <M/d/yyyy h:mm:ss[AM|PM]> Begin the collection at specified time. -e <M/d/yyyy h:mm:ss[AM|PM]> End the collection at specified time. -m <[start] [stop]> Change to manual start or stop rather than a scheduled begin or end time. -[-]r Repeat the collection daily at the specified begin and end times. -o <path|dsn!log> Path of the output log file or the DSN and log set name in a SQL database. -f <bin|bincirc|csv|tsv|sql> Specifies the log format for the collection. -[-]a Append to an existing log file. -[-]v [nnnnnn|mmddhhmm] Attach file versioning information to the end of the log name. -[-]rc <filename> Run the command specified each time the log is closed. -[-]max <value> Maximum log file size in MB or number of records for SQL logs. -[-]cnf [[[hh:]mm:]ss] Create a new file when the specified time has elapsed or when the max size is exceeded. -c <path [path ...]> Performance counters to collect. -cf <filename> File listing performance counters to collect, one per line. -si <[[hh:]mm:]ss> Sample interval for performance counter collections. -ln <logger_name> Logger name for Event Trace Sessions. -[-]rt Run the Event Trace Session in real-time mode. -p <provider [flags [level]]> A single Event Trace provider to enable. -pf <filename> File listing multiple Event Trace providers to enable. -[-]ul Run the Event Trace Session in user mode. -bs <value> Event Trace Session buffer size in kb. -ft <[[hh:]mm:]ss> Event Trace Session flush timer. -nb <min max> Number of Event Trace Session buffers. -fd Flushes all the active buffers of an existing Event Trace Session to disk. -[-]u [user [password]] User to Run As. Entering a * for the password produces a prompt for the password. The password is not displayed when you type it at the password prompt. -rf <[[hh:]mm:]ss> Run the collection for specified period of time. -y Answer yes to all questions without prompting. -ets Send commands to Event Trace Sessions directly without saving or scheduling. -mode <trace_mode [trace_mode ...]> Event Trace Session logger mode. Note: Where [-] is listed, an extra - negates the option. For example --r turns off the -r option. Examples: logman create counter perf_log -c "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" logman create trace trace_log -nb 16 256 -bs 64 -o c:\logfile logman start perf_log logman update perf_log -si 10 -f csv -v mmddhhmm logman update trace_log -p "Windows Kernel Trace" (disk,net)
Displays the state of a remote lpd queue. Usage: lpq -Sserver -Pprinter [-l] Options: -S server Name or ipaddress of the host providing lpd service -P printer Name of the print queue -l verbose output
Sends a print job to a network printer Usage: lpr -S server -P printer [-C class] [-J job] [-o option] [-x] [-d] filename Options: -S server Name or ipaddress of the host providing lpd service -P printer Name of the print queue -C class Job classification for use on the burst page -J job Job name to print on the burst page -o option Indicates type of the file (by default assumes a text file) Use "-o l" for binary (e.g. postscript) files -x Compatibility with SunOS 4.1.x and prior -d Send data file first
Microsoft (R) Cabinet Maker - Version 5.1.2600.2180 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.. MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] [/L dir] source [destination] MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] /F directive_file [...] source File to compress. destination File name to give compressed file. If omitted, the last character of the source file name is replaced with an underscore (_) and used as the destination. /F directives A file with MakeCAB directives (may be repeated). /D var=value Defines variable with specified value. /L dir Location to place destination (default is current directory). /V[n] Verbosity level (1..3).
Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system. MEM [/PROGRAM | /DEBUG | /CLASSIFY] /PROGRAM or /P Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory. /DEBUG or /D Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other information. /CLASSIFY or /C Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists largest memory block available.
Creates, deletes, or lists a volume mount point. MOUNTVOL [drive:]path VolumeName MOUNTVOL [drive:]path /D MOUNTVOL [drive:]path /L path Specifies the existing NTFS directory where the mount point will reside. VolumeName Specifies the volume name that is the target of the mount point. /D Removes the volume mount point from the specified directory. /L Lists the mounted volume name for the specified directory. Possible values for VolumeName along with current mount points are: \\?\Volume{967a6a94-2986-11da-a2da-806d6172696f}\ D:\ \\?\Volume{967a6a95-2986-11da-a2da-806d6172696f}\ C:\ \\?\Volume{fa2dc23e-b372-11dc-aa41-806d6172696f}\ E:\
Usage: mrinfo [-n?] [-i address] [-t secs] [-r retries] destination -n Display IP addresses in numeric format -i address Address of local interface to send query out -t seconds Timeout in seconds for IGMP queries (default = 3 seconds) -r retries Number of extra times to send the SNMP queries (default = 0) -? Print Usage destination Address or name of destination
Send a message to a user. MSG {username | sessionname | sessionid | @filename | *} [/SERVER:servername] [/TIME:seconds] [/V] [/W] [message] username Identifies the specified username. sessionname The name of the session. sessionid The ID of the session. @filename Identifies a file containing a list of usernames, sessionnames, and sessionids to send the message to. * Send message to all sessions on specified server. /SERVER:servername server to contact (default is current). /TIME:seconds Time delay to wait for receiver to acknowledge msg. /V Display information about actions being performed. /W Wait for response from user, useful with /V. message Message to send. If none specified, prompts for it or reads from stdin.
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP). NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ] -a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name -A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address. -c (cache) Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses -n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names. -r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS -R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table -S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses -s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer NETBIOS names. -RR (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINS and then, starts Refresh RemoteName Remote host machine name. IP address Dotted decimal representation of the IP address. interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying statistics.
The syntax of this command is: NET [ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP | HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | NAME | PAUSE | PRINT | SEND | SESSION | SHARE | START | STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
The syntax of this command is: NET [ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP | HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | NAME | PAUSE | PRINT | SEND | SESSION | SHARE | START | STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
The following helper DLL cannot be loaded: DHCP.DLL. Usage: NETSH [-a AliasFile] [-c Context] [-r RemoteMachine] [Command | -f ScriptFile] The following commands are available: Commands in this context: ? - Displays a list of commands. add - Adds a configuration entry to a list of entries. bridge - Changes to the `netsh bridge' context. delete - Deletes a configuration entry from a list of entries. diag - Changes to the `netsh diag' context. dump - Displays a configuration script. exec - Runs a script file. firewall - Changes to the `netsh firewall' context. help - Displays a list of commands. interface - Changes to the `netsh interface' context. ras - Changes to the `netsh ras' context. routing - Changes to the `netsh routing' context. set - Updates configuration settings. show - Displays information. winsock - Changes to the `netsh winsock' context. The following sub-contexts are available: bridge diag firewall interface ras routing winsock To view help for a command, type the command, followed by a space, and then type ?.
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections. NETSTAT [-a] [-b] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p proto] [-r] [-s] [-v] [interval] -a Displays all connections and listening ports. -b Displays the executable involved in creating each connection or listening port. In some cases well-known executables host multiple independent components, and in these cases the sequence of components involved in creating the connection or listening port is displayed. In this case the executable name is in [] at the bottom, on top is the component it called, and so forth until TCP/IP was reached. Note that this option can be time-consuming and will fail unless you have sufficient permissions. -e Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s option. -n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. -o Displays the owning process ID associated with each connection. -p proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may be any of: TCP, UDP, TCPv6, or UDPv6. If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be any of: IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, or UDPv6. -r Displays the routing table. -s Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, and UDPv6; the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default. -v When used in conjunction with -b, will display sequence of components involved in creating the connection or listening port for all executables. interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current configuration information once.
Loads country-specific information. NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename] [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file containing country-specific information.
Non-authoritative answer: Server: FBI Address: 192.168.1.1 Name: /? Address: 24.28.193.9
Usage: pathping [-g host-list] [-h maximum_hops] [-i address] [-n] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-P] [-R] [-T] [-4] [-6] target_name Options: -g host-list Loose source route along host-list. -h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -i address Use the specified source address. -n Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. -p period Wait period milliseconds between pings. -q num_queries Number of queries per hop. -w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. -P Test for RSVP PATH connectivity. -R Test if each hop is RSVP aware. -T Test connectivity to each hop with Layer-2 priority tags. -4 Force using IPv4. -6 Force using IPv6.
Reports on whether local computer exhibits Intel(tm) Pentium Floating Point Division Error pentnt [-?] [-H] [-h] [-C] [-c] [-F] [-f] [-O] [-o] Run without arguments this program will tell you if the system exhibits the Pentium floating point division error and whether floating point emulation is forced and whether floating point hardware is disabled. -? Print this help message -h -H -c Turn on conditional emulation. This means that floating -C point emulation will be forced on if and only if the system detects the Pentium floating point division error at boot. Reboot required before this takes effect. This is what should generally be used. -f Turn on forced emulation. This means that floating -F point hardware is disabled and floating point emulation will always be forced on, regardless of whether the system exhibits the Pentium division error. Useful for testing software emulators and for working around floating point hardware defects unknown to the OS. Reboot required before this takes effect. -o Turn off forced emulation. Reenables floating point hardware -O if present. Reboot required before this takes effect. The Floating Point Division error that this program addresses only occurs on certain Intel Pentium processors. It only affects floating point operations. The problem is described in detail in a white paper available from Intel. If you are doing critical work with programs that perform floating point division and certain related functions that use the same hardware (including remainder and transcendtal functions), you may wish to use this program to force emulation. Type "pentnt -? | more" if you need to see all the help text
Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] target_name Options: -t Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To stop - type Control-C. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -l size Send buffer size. -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. -i TTL Time To Live. -v TOS Type Of Service. -r count Record route for count hops. -s count Timestamp for count hops. -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
Usage: ping6 [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-w timeout] [-s srcaddr] [-r] dest Options: -t Ping the specifed host until interrupted. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -l size Send buffer size. -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply. -s srcaddr Source address to use. -r Use routing header to test reverse route also.
POWERCFG [/LIST | /QUERY [name] | /CREATE name | /DELETE name | /SETACTIVE name | /CHANGE name settings | /HIBERNATE {ON|OFF} | /EXPORT name [/FILE filename] | /IMPORT name [/FILE filename] | /GLOBALPOWERFLAG {ON|OFF} /OPTION flag | /BATTERYALARM {LOW|CRITICAL} [settings] | /DEVICEQUERY queryflags | /DEVICEENABLEWAKE devicename | /DEVICEDISABLEWAKE devicename | /?] Description: This command line tool enables an administrator to control the power settings on a system. Parameter List: /LIST, /L Lists the names of existing power schemes. /QUERY, /Q Displays the configuration of the specified power scheme. If no name is specified, the configuration of the currently active power scheme is displayed. /CREATE, /C Creates a power scheme with the specified name. The new scheme is created with the properties of the currently active scheme. /DELETE, /D Deletes the power scheme with the specified name. /SETACTIVE, /S Makes the power scheme with the specified name active. /CHANGE, /X Changes settings of the specified power scheme. Additional switches specify the changes as follows: /monitor-timeout-ac <minutes> /monitor-timeout-dc <minutes> /disk-timeout-ac <minutes> /disk-timeout-dc <minutes> /standby-timeout-ac <minutes> /standby-timeout-dc <minutes> /hibernate-timeout-ac <minutes> /hibernate-timeout-dc <minutes> /processor-throttle-ac <throttle> /processor-throttle-dc <throttle> AC settings are used when the system is on AC power. DC settings are used when the system is on battery power. Setting a timeout to zero will disable the corresponding timeout feature. Supported throttle settings are NONE CONSTANT, DEGRADE, and ADAPTIVE. /EXPORT, /E Exports the power scheme with the specified name to a file. If no filename is specified, the default is SCHEME.POW. This additional parameter is supported: /FILE <filename> /IMPORT, /I Imports the power scheme from a file under the specified name. If no filename is specified, the default is SCHEME.POW. If a scheme with that name already exists, it is replaced with the new one. This additional parameter is supported: /FILE <filename> /HIBERNATE, /H {ON|OFF} Enables/Disables the hibernate feature. Hibernate timeout is not supported on all systems. /NUMERICAL, /N Allows the power scheme to be operated upon to be specified using a numerical identifier. When using this switch, in place of the name of the power scheme on the command line, specify its numerical identifier. This switch may be used in combination with the /QUERY, /DELETE, /SETACTIVE, /CHANGE, /EXPORT, and /IMPORT commands. /GLOBALPOWERFLAG, /G {ON|OFF} Turns one of the global power flags on/off. Valid flags (to be used after "/OPTION ") are: BATTERYICON: Turns the battery meter icon in the system tray on/off. MULTIBATTERY: Turns on/off multiple battery display in system Power Meter. RESUMEPASSWORD: Prompt for password on resuming the system. WAKEONRING: Turn on/off wake on ring support. VIDEODIM: Turn on/off support for dimming video display on battery power. /AVAILABLESLEEPSTATES, /A Reports the sleep states available on the system. Attempts to report reasons why sleep states are unavailable. /BATTERYALARM, /B {LOW|CRITICAL} Configures the battery alarm. The following switches can be specified: /activate <on|off> Enables or disables the alarm. /level <percentage (0 - 100)> The alarm will be activated when the power level reaches this percentage. /text <on|off> Turns the text notification on or off. /sound <on|off> Turns the audible notification on or off. /action <none|shutdown|hibernate|standby> Specifies the action to take when this alarm goes off. Not all actions are always available. /forceaction <on|off> Force stand by or shutdown even if a program stops responding. /program <on|off> Specifies a program to run. schtasks.exe /change may be used to configure the program. /DEVICEQUERY <queryflags> will return a list of devices that meet the criteria specified in <queryflags>. Possible values for <queryflags> are: wake_from_S1_supported - return all devices that support waking the system from a light sleep state. wake_from_S2_supported - return all devices that support waking the system from a deeper sleep state. wake_from_S3_supported - return all devices that support waking from the deepest sleep state. wake_from_any - return all devices that support waking from any sleep state. S1_supported - list devices supporting light sleep states. S2_supported - list devices supporting deeper sleep. S3_supported - list devices supporting deepest sleep. S4_supported - list devices supporting system hibernation. wake_programmable - list devices that are user-configurable to wake the system from a sleep state. wake_armed - list devices that are currently configured to wake the system from any sleep state. all_devices - return all devices present in the system. all_devices_verbose - return verbose list of devices. /DEVICEENABLEWAKE <devicename> enable the device to wake the system from a sleep state. <devicename> is a device retrieved using the '/DEVICEQUERY wake_programmable' parameter. /DEVICEDISABLEWAKE <devicename> disable the device from waking the system from a sleep state. <devicename> is a device retrieved using the '/DEVICEQUERY wake_armed' parameter. /HELP, /? Displays information on command-line parameters. Examples: POWERCFG /LIST POWERCFG /QUERY scheme POWERCFG /QUERY POWERCFG /CREATE scheme POWERCFG /DELETE scheme POWERCFG /SETACTIVE scheme POWERCFG /CHANGE scheme /monitor-timeout-dc 15 POWERCFG /CHANGE scheme /monitor-timeout-dc 0 POWERCFG /HIBERNATE on POWERCFG /EXPORT scheme /file file POWERCFG /QUERY number /NUMERICAL POWERCFG /GLOBALPOWERFLAG on /OPTION BATTERYICON POWERCFG /AVAILABLESLEEPSTATES POWERCFG /BATTERYALARM low POWERCFG /BATTERYALARM critical /ACTIVATE on /LEVEL 6 /ACTION hibernate POWERCFG /DEVICEQUERY wake_armed POWERCFG /DEVICEENABLEWAKE "Microsoft USB IntelliMouse Explorer"
Microsoft (R) WinHTTP Default Proxy Configuration Tool Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. usage: proxycfg -? : to view help information proxycfg : to view current WinHTTP proxy settings proxycfg [-d] [-p <server-name> [<bypass-list>]] -d : set direct access -p : set proxy server(s), and optional bypass list proxycfg -u : import proxy settings from current user's Microsoft Internet Explorer manual settings (in HKCU)
Displays the available application terminal servers on the network. QUERY TERMSERVER [servername] [/DOMAIN:domain] [/ADDRESS] [/CONTINUE] servername Identifies a Terminal server. /DOMAIN:domain Displays information for the specified domain (defaults to the current domain). /ADDRESS Displays network and node addresses. /CONTINUE Does not pause after each screen of information.
Displays information about processes. QUERY PROCESS [* | processid | username | sessionname | /ID:nn | programname] [/SERVER:servername] [/SYSTEM] * Display all visible processes. processid Display process specified by processid. username Display all processes belonging to username. sessionname Display all processes running at sessionname. /ID:nn Display all processes running at session nn. programname Display all processes associated with programname. /SERVER:servername The Terminal server to be queried. /SYSTEM Displays process information for system processes.
Display information about Terminal Sessions. QUERY SESSION [sessionname | username | sessionid] [/SERVER:servername] [/MODE] [/FLOW] [/CONNECT] [/COUNTER] sessionname Identifies the session named sessionname. username Identifies the session with user username. sessionid Identifies the session with ID sessionid. /SERVER:servername The server to be queried (default is current). /MODE Display current line settings. /FLOW Display current flow control settings. /CONNECT Display current connect settings. /COUNTER Display current Terminal Services counters information.
Usage: rasautou [-f phonebook] [-d dll -p proc] [-a address] [-e entry] [-s]
USAGE: RASDIAL entryname [username [password|*]] [/DOMAIN:domain] [/PHONE:phonenumber] [/CALLBACK:callbacknumber] [/PHONEBOOK:phonebookfile] [/PREFIXSUFFIX] RASDIAL [entryname] /DISCONNECT RASDIAL Command completed successfully.
Copies files to and from computer running the RCP service. RCP [-a | -b] [-h] [-r] [host][.user:]source [host][.user:] path\destination -a Specifies ASCII transfer mode. This mode converts the EOL characters to a carriage return for UNIX and a carriage return/line feed for personal computers. This is the default transfer mode. -b Specifies binary image transfer mode. -h Transfers hidden files. -r Copies the contents of all subdirectories; destination must be a directory. host Specifies the local or remote host. If host is specified as an IP address OR if host name contains dots, you must specify the user. .user: Specifies a user name to use, rather than the current user name. source Specifes the files to copy. path\destination Specifies the path relative to the logon directory on the remote host. Use the escape characters (\ , ", or ') in remote paths to use wildcard characters on the remote host.
Console Registry Tool for Windows - version 3.0 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp. 1981-2001. All rights reserved REG Operation [Parameter List] Operation [ QUERY | ADD | DELETE | COPY | SAVE | LOAD | UNLOAD | RESTORE | COMPARE | EXPORT | IMPORT ] Return Code: (Except of REG COMPARE) 0 - Succussful 1 - Failed For help on a specific operation type: REG Operation /? Examples: REG QUERY /? REG ADD /? REG DELETE /? REG COPY /? REG SAVE /? REG RESTORE /? REG LOAD /? REG UNLOAD /? REG COMPARE /? REG EXPORT /? REG IMPORT /?
Runs commands on remote hosts running the REXEC service. Rexec authenticates the user name on the remote host before executing the specified command. REXEC host [-l username] [-n] command host Specifies the remote host on which to run command. -l username Specifies the user name on the remote host. -n Redirects the input of REXEC to NULL. command Specifies the command to run.
Manipulates network routing tables. ROUTE [-f] [-p] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric] [IF interface] -f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. -p When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported in Windows 95. command One of these: PRINT Prints a route ADD Adds a route DELETE Deletes a route CHANGE Modifies an existing route destination Specifies the host. MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value. netmask Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry. If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255. gateway Specifies gateway. interface the interface number for the specified route. METRIC specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination. All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name database file HOSTS. If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard, (wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted. If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string, and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*. Diagnostic Notes: Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST. Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1 The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid. (Destination & Mask) != Destination. Examples: > route PRINT > route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 IF 2 destination^ ^mask ^gateway metric^ ^ Interface^ If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given gateway. > route PRINT > route PRINT 157* .... Only prints those matching 157* > route CHANGE 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.5 METRIC 2 IF 2 CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only. > route PRINT > route DELETE 157.0.0.0 > route PRINT
Runs commands on remote hosts running the RSH service. RSH host [-l username] [-n] command host Specifies the remote host on which to run command. -l username Specifies the user name to use on the remote host. If omitted, the logged on user name is used. -n Redirects the input of RSH to NULL. command Specifies the command to run.
RSM [ALLOCATE | DEALLOCATE | MOUNT | DISMOUNT | EJECT | EJECTATAPI | CREATEPOOL | DELETEPOOL | VIEW | REFRESH | INVENTORY] The command line is case insensitive, except when you refer to Media Objects (including media, drives, changers, libraries, media types, slots) by their friendly names. The arguments for a command may be specified in any order. All commands return an error code - success, a system defined error code or one of the application defined error codes shown below: 536870913: Invalid Arguments 536870914: Duplicate Arguments 536870915: No Guid For Friendly Name 536870916: Insufficient Arguments 536870917: Invalid Guid 536870918: Ioctl Failed There should be no spaces between a tag and the actual argument. For example, for the timeout option in allocate, the timeout is specified as /t50 and not /t 50. See Start->Help (search for "Using the command line for Removable Storage") for more details.
Reset the session subsytem hardware and software to known initial values. RESET SESSION {sessionname | sessionid} [/SERVER:servername] [/V] sessionname Identifies the session with name sessionname. sessionid Identifies the session with ID sessionid. /SERVER:servername The server containing the session (default is current). /V Display additional information.
DESCRIPTION: SC is a command line program used for communicating with the NT Service Controller and services. USAGE: sc <server> [command] [service name] <option1> <option2>... The option <server> has the form "\\ServerName" Further help on commands can be obtained by typing: "sc [command]" Commands: query-----------Queries the status for a service, or enumerates the status for types of services. queryex---------Queries the extended status for a service, or enumerates the status for types of services. start-----------Starts a service. pause-----------Sends a PAUSE control request to a service. interrogate-----Sends an INTERROGATE control request to a service. continue--------Sends a CONTINUE control request to a service. stop------------Sends a STOP request to a service. config----------Changes the configuration of a service (persistant). description-----Changes the description of a service. failure---------Changes the actions taken by a service upon failure. qc--------------Queries the configuration information for a service. qdescription----Queries the description for a service. qfailure--------Queries the actions taken by a service upon failure. delete----------Deletes a service (from the registry). create----------Creates a service. (adds it to the registry). control---------Sends a control to a service. sdshow----------Displays a service's security descriptor. sdset-----------Sets a service's security descriptor. GetDisplayName--Gets the DisplayName for a service. GetKeyName------Gets the ServiceKeyName for a service. EnumDepend------Enumerates Service Dependencies. The following commands don't require a service name: sc <server> <command> <option> boot------------(ok | bad) Indicates whether the last boot should be saved as the last-known-good boot configuration Lock------------Locks the Service Database QueryLock-------Queries the LockStatus for the SCManager Database EXAMPLE: sc start MyService Would you like to see help for the QUERY and QUERYEX commands? [ y | n ]: QUERY and QUERYEX OPTIONS : If the query command is followed by a service name, the status for that service is returned. Further options do not apply in this case. If the query command is followed by nothing or one of the options listed below, the services are enumerated. type= Type of services to enumerate (driver, service, all) (default = service) state= State of services to enumerate (inactive, all) (default = active) bufsize= The size (in bytes) of the enumeration buffer (default = 4096) ri= The resume index number at which to begin the enumeration (default = 0) group= Service group to enumerate (default = all groups) SYNTAX EXAMPLES sc query - Enumerates status for active services & drivers sc query messenger - Displays status for the messenger service sc queryex messenger - Displays extended status for the messenger service sc query type= driver - Enumerates only active drivers sc query type= service - Enumerates only Win32 services sc query state= all - Enumerates all services & drivers sc query bufsize= 50 - Enumerates with a 50 byte buffer. sc query ri= 14 - Enumerates with resume index = 14 sc queryex group= "" - Enumerates active services not in a group sc query type= service type= interact - Enumerates all interactive services sc query type= driver group= NDIS - Enumerates all NDIS drivers
Sets the version number that MS-DOS reports to a program. Display current version table: SETVER [drive:path] Add entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn Delete entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET] [drive:path] Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file. filename Specifies the filename of the program. n.nn Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program. /DELETE or /D Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program. /QUIET Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of version-table entry.
Monitor another Terminal Services session. SHADOW {sessionname | sessionid} [/SERVER:servername] [/V] sessionname Identifies the session with name sessionname. sessionid Identifies the session with ID sessionid. /SERVER:servername The server containing the session (default is current). /V Display information about actions being performed.
Usage: SHUTDOWN [-i | -l | -s | -r | -a] [-f] [-m \\computername] [-t xx] [-c "comment"] [-d up:xx:yy] No args Display this message (same as -?) -i Display GUI interface, must be the first option -l Log off (cannot be used with -m option) -s Shutdown the computer -r Shutdown and restart the computer -a Abort a system shutdown -m \\computername Remote computer to shutdown/restart/abort -t xx Set timeout for shutdown to xx seconds -c "comment" Shutdown comment (maximum of 127 characters) -f Forces running applications to close without warning -d [u][p]:xx:yy The reason code for the shutdown u is the user code p is a planned shutdown code xx is the major reason code (positive integer less than 256) yy is the minor reason code (positive integer less than 65536)
SMBINST [-uninstall] INF: Uninstalls the MSSMBios Driver
Transfers files to and from a remote computer running the TFTP service. TFTP [-i] host [GET | PUT] source [destination] -i Specifies binary image transfer mode (also called octet). In binary image mode the file is moved literally, byte by byte. Use this mode when transferring binary files. host Specifies the local or remote host. GET Transfers the file destination on the remote host to the file source on the local host. PUT Transfers the file source on the local host to the file destination on the remote host. source Specifies the file to transfer. destination Specifies where to transfer the file.
Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name Options: -d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. -h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. -w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
Usage: tracert6 [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-w timeout] [-s srcaddr] target_name Options: -d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. -h max_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. -s srcaddr Source address to use. -r Use routing header to test reverse route also.
Attaches a user session to a terminal session. TSCON {sessionid | sessionname} [/DEST:sessionname] [/PASSWORD:pw] [/V] sessionid The ID of the session. sessionname The name of the session. /DEST:sessionname Connect the session to destination sessionname. /PASSWORD:pw Password of user owning identified session. /V Displays information about the actions performed.
Disconnects a terminal session. TSDISCON [sessionid | sessionname] [/SERVER:servername] [/V] sessionid The ID of the session. sessionname The name of the session. /SERVER:servername Specifies the Terminal server (default is current). /V Displays information about the actions performed.
Ends a process. TSKILL processid | processname [/SERVER:servername] [/ID:sessionid | /A] [/V] processid Process ID for the process to be terminated. processname Process name to be terminated. /SERVER:servername Server containing processID (default is current). /ID or /A must be specified when using processname and /SERVER /ID:sessionid End process running under the specified session. /A End process running under ALL sessions. /V Display information about actions being performed.
Shut down a server in a controlled manner. TSSHUTDN [wait_time] [/SERVER:servername] [/REBOOT] [/POWERDOWN] [/DELAY:logoffdelay] [/V] wait_time Seconds to wait after user notification before terminating all user sessions (default is 60). /SERVER:servername The server to shut down (default is current). /REBOOT Reboot the server after user sessions are terminated. /POWERDOWN The server will prepare for powering off. /DELAY:logoffdelay Seconds to wait after logging off all connected sessions (default is 30). /V Display information about actions being performed.
A command Line utility to make timezone changes tzchange.exe [/A string] [/C string] [/F string] [/V string] [/S 7 integers] [/E 7 integers] [/M string] [/N string] [/B integer] [/Z integer] [/B integer] [/R integer] [/D integer] [/T string] [/L string] [/U] /A Add timezone option, followed by timezone name to add, max 120 characters /C Switch timezone, followed by timezone name to switch, max 120 characters /F Edit timezone, followed by timezone name to edit, max 120 characters /V Verification timezone, followed by timezone name, max 120 characters /M Delete Timezone, followed by timezone name to delete, max 120 characters /S Daylight Start date, followed by 7 integer values specifying: 1. Month [0-12] 0 for no daylight settings, 1-12 for Jan -> Dec 2. DayofWeek[0-6] for Sunday[0] -> Saturday[6] 3. Day [0-5] 0 for no daylight settings, 1-5 for day of month 4. Hour [0-23] 5. Minutes [0-59] 6. Seconds [0-59] 7. Milliseconds [0-999] The above 7 integers are interpreted strictly in the same order. /E Daylight End\Standard start date, followed by 7 integer values like above /N New Display name, followed by the display name /B Bias in minutes, followed by an integer value between -780 and 720 This option also updates the time offset in Display Name. /R Standard Bias in minutes, followed by an integer value between -780 and 720 /D Daylight bias in minutes, followed by an integer value between -780 and 720 /T Standard Name, followed by the standard name string, max 32 characters /L Daylight Name, followed by the daylight name string, max 32 characters /U Undo option [should not be combined with by any other option] /Z Number of Undo operations, followed by integer [-1 and above], Where -1 will Undo all previous timezone operations. This switch is optional during Undo, a default of 1 is taken if not specified. /I Index, followed by an integer, used only during Add operation.The index value should be between 3221225472[0xC0000000] and 4294967295[0xFFFFFFFF] /? Help
UNLODCTR Removes counter names and explain text for the specified extensible counter. Usage: UNLODCTR [\\computername] driver computername is the name of the remote computer. Local machine is used if computername is not specified. driver is the name of the device driver which is to have its counter name definitions and explain text removed from the system's registry. Note: any arguments with spaces in the names must be enclosed within Double Quotation marks.
Driver Verifier Manager - version 5.1.2600.0 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. verifier /standard /driver NAME [NAME ...] verifier /standard /all verifier [ /flags FLAGS ] /driver NAME [NAME ...] verifier [ /flags FLAGS ] /all verifier /querysettings verifier /volatile /flags FLAGS verifier /volatile /adddriver NAME [NAME ...] verifier /volatile /removedriver NAME [NAME ...] verifier /reset verifier /query verifier /log LOG_FILE_NAME [/interval SECONDS] FLAGS must be a number in decimal or hex, combination of bits: bit 0 - special pool checking bit 1 - force irql checking bit 2 - low resources simulation bit 3 - pool tracking bit 4 - I/O verification bit 5 - deadlock detection bit 6 - enhanced I/O verification bit 7 - DMA verification E.g. /flags 27 is equivalent with /flags 0x1B The /volatile option can be used to change the verifier settings dynamically without restarting the system. Any new settings will be lost when the system is rebooted.
vssadmin 1.0 - Volume Shadow Copy Service administrative command-line tool (C) Copyright 2001 Microsoft Corp. Usage: vssadmin list shadows [/set={shadow copy set guid}] Lists all shadow copies in the system, grouped by shadow copy set Id. vssadmin list writers Lists all writers in the system vssadmin list providers Lists all currently installed shadow copy providers
w32tm [/? | /register | /unregister ] ? - this help screen. register - register to run as a service and add default configuration to the registry. unregister - unregister service and remove all configuration information from the registry. w32tm /monitor [/domain:<domain name>] [/computers:<name>[,<name>[,<name>...]]] [/threads:<num>] domain - specifies which domain to monitor. If no domain name is given, or neither the domain nor computers option is specified, the default domain is used. This option may be used more than once. computers - monitors the given list of computers. Computer names are separated by commas, with no spaces. If a name is prefixed with a '*', it is treated as a PDC. This option may be used more than once. threads - how many computers to analyze simultaneously. The default value is 3. Allowed range is 1-50. w32tm /ntte <NT time epoch> Convert a NT system time, in (10^-7)s intervals from 0h 1-Jan 1601, into a readable format. w32tm /ntpte <NTP time epoch> Convert an NTP time, in (2^-32)s intervals from 0h 1-Jan 1900, into a readable format. w32tm /resync [/computer:<computer>] [/nowait] [/rediscover] [/soft] Tell a computer that it should resynchronize its clock as soon as possible, throwing out all accumulated error statistics. computer:<computer> - computer that should resync. If not specified, the local computer will resync. nowait - do not wait for the resync to occur; return immediately. Otherwise, wait for the resync to complete before returning. rediscover - redetect the network configuration and rediscover network sources, then resynchronize. soft - resync utilizing existing error statistics. Not useful, provided for compatibility. w32tm /stripchart /computer:<target> [/period:<refresh>] [/dataonly] [/samples:<count>] Display a strip chart of the offset between this computer and another computer. computer:<target> - the computer to measure the offset against. period:<refresh> - the time between samples, in seconds. The default is 2s dataonly - display only the data, no graphics. samples:<count> - collect <count> samples, then stop. If not specified, samples will be collected until Ctrl-C is pressed. w32tm /config [/computer:<target>] [/update] [/manualpeerlist:<peers>] [/syncfromflags:<source>] [/LocalClockDispersion:<seconds>] computer:<target> - adjusts the configuration of <target>. If not specified, the default is the local computer. update - notifies the time service that the configuration has changed, causing the changes to take effect. manualpeerlist:<peers> - sets the manual peer list to <peers>, which is a space-delimited list of DNS and/or IP addresses. When specifying multiple peers, this switch must be enclosed in quotes. syncfromflags:<source> - sets what sources the NTP client should sync from. <source> should be a comma separated list of these keywords (not case sensitive): MANUAL - include peers from the manual peer list DOMHIER - sync from a DC in the domain hierarchy w32tm /tz Display the current time zone settings. w32tm /dumpreg [/subkey:<key>] [/computer:<target>] Display the values associated with a given registry key. The default key is HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time (the root key for the time service). subkey:<key> - displays the values associated with subkey <key> of the default key. computer:<target> - queries registry settings for computer <target>
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